Whwt Is Listed 8n Art 1 Sec 9 9f the Constitution
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Constitution - Article one, Section 9
Article 1, Department 9
Clause ane. The Migration or Importation of such Persons as whatever of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall non be prohibited past the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Taxation or duty may exist imposed on such Importation, not exceeding 10 dollars for each Person.
This is some other euphemistic nod to America'south dark history of slavery. "Such Persons as any of the States now existing shall remember proper to admit" is a really long-winded mode of saying "slaves" without really saying "slaves." The Constitution barred whatsoever attempt to outlaw the slave merchandise before 1808. As soon as that engagement rolled around, Congress did vote to cake the international slave trade, although slaves connected to exist sold inside the country and slavery itself lasted for nigh another 60 years.
Clause ii. The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Condom may require it.
The Writ of Habeas Corpus is perhaps the most of import foundation of civil liberties. "Habeas corpus" is a Latin term meaning "you shall have the trunk"; in practice, the right to Habeas corpus means that y'all tin't be held in jail without facing legitimate charges of some kind—at that place is no such thing as indefinite detention without due legal procedure. Violations of habeas accept been quite controversial in American history. During the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln (in one of his most criticized moves e'er) suspended habeas; during the War on Terror, George W. Bush controversially argued that terrorism suspects held at Guantanamo Bay, Republic of cuba, had no right to habeas and thus could exist held indefinitely without trial.
Clause three. No Neb of Attainder or ex mail service facto Law shall exist passed.
A bill of attainder is a police that simply declares, by legislative fiat, that sure people are guilty of a law-breaking and then imposes some kind of punishment upon them. In other words, it'south a way for a legislature to deed like judge and jury, convicting and punishing people without benefit of trial. Bills of attainder used to be used occasionally by the British Parliament; the American Founding Fathers viewed them as terrible violations of liberty and banned them from the United states of america.
An ex post facto law is a law that retroactively criminalizes a certain deed after it has already been committed. In other words, it would allow a person to be prosecuted for doing something that wasn't actually illegal yet at the time they did it. The framers of the Constitution viewed ex post facto laws, like bills of attainder, as blatant abuses of power and banned them.
Clause 4. No Capitation,
or other direct, Taxshall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein earlier directed to exist taken.
A capitation revenue enhancement is a "head tax," one charged to each individual in the population. This clause required Congress to levy any taxes on the footing of a state'due south population, non on the basis of individual income or any other standard. The 16th Amendment, passed in 1913, struck the reference to "other direct Tax[es]", making it possible to create the modernistic personal income tax system that we know and dear today.
Clause 5. No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.
Southern economies at the time of the Constitutional Convention depended upon the export of greenbacks crops like cotton wool, tobacco, rice, and indigo. Those states insisted that the Constitution ensure that those exports wouldn't be taxed by the national government. In the so-called Commerce Compromise, the northern states agreed. Congress does have the power to tax imports, though.
Clause half-dozen. No Preference shall exist given by any Regulation of Commerce or Acquirement to the Ports of one State over those of some other: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, 1 State, exist obliged to enter, clear or pay Duties in another.
This clause is designed to ensure that all states are treated fairly by the national government. Congress can't charge taxes for aircraft goods from one state to another, and it tin can't favor one land's ports over another through preferential regulations or taxes.
Clause vii. No Money shall exist fatigued from the Treasury, just in Consequence of Appropriations made past Police; and a regular Argument and Account of Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from fourth dimension to time.
This clause is critically important, granting Congress (and merely Congress) the "power of the purse"—that is, control over government spending. The president can't go his hands on one dime of the public's money without Congress first approval that spending in an appropriations bill. Congress'south control over the authorities's coin is perchance the nigh important check against unlimited presidential power.
Clause 8. No Title of Nobility shall exist granted by the U.s.: And no Person belongings any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, take of whatsoever present, Emolument, Office, or Championship, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.
Hither the Framers of the Constitution sought to ensure that the United States would never develop a formal aristocracy such every bit that which ruled Britain. The U.s.a. government cannot grant any titles of nobility; here in America, nosotros have no counts or dukes or earls. Farther, no 1 working for the government is allowed to accept a grant of nobility from a strange government, either. This was mainly included as an attempt to cake strange corruption of US government officials.
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Source: https://www.shmoop.com/study-guides/civics/constitution/article-1-section-9
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